The Permission That Never Comes

The Receipt

Sources

Every checkable claim in this letter, the sources that carry it, and what each one actually says. Tap a number to read the source in its own words.

17
claims checked
65
sources
11
primary
2
corrected before publication

Parable of the Talents

In the biblical Parable of the Talents, a man is given a sum of money, buries it out of fear rather than using it, and is condemned by the parable for refusing to act, not for failing.#

+1 more

The name 'Ithiel'

The Hebrew name 'Ithiel' means 'God is with me.'#

+2 more

Biblical scripture (Psalms/Gospels)

The line 'the stone the builders rejected became the cornerstone' originates in the Psalms and is repeated again in the Gospels.#

+1 more

Psalm 118:22

Psalm 118:22 states, 'The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.'#

+1 more

Epictetus

Epictetus taught that some things are up to us (our own will and actions) and some things are not, as the central principle of his philosophy.#

Epictetus was born a slave.#

+1 more

Deci and Ryan (Self-Determination Theory)

Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory treats autonomy, competence, and relatedness as three equally fundamental, innate psychological needs — none is placed at the theoretical centre with the others positioned beside it. The theory's own term for the third need is 'relatedness,' which sources gloss as including a sense of belonging, rather than 'belonging' itself.#

+1 more

Horace

Horace wrote or is credited with the statement, 'He who has begun is half done. Dare to be wise.'#

+2 more

Overfitting in machine learning

Overfitting is properly defined by a gap between training and test/validation performance — the model fits training data (including its noise) too closely relative to how well it performs on new data — not by the training score being literally perfect. A model can be overfit while scoring well below 100% on training data, and conversely a model can achieve near-perfect training fit without being meaningfully overfit ('benign overfitting'). The memorization framing is accurate; the 'scores perfectly' framing is an oversimplification flagged in the ML education literature as a documented student misconception.#

+2 more

Loss aversion (behavioral economics)

Decision researchers have found that losses loom larger than equivalent gains, a phenomenon known as loss aversion.#

+1 more

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius was the Roman Emperor, described as the most powerful man alive during his reign.#

Marcus Aurelius wrote private notes to himself while on military campaign at the Danube frontier.#

+1 more

Options trading term 'theta'

In options trading, 'theta' refers to the rate at which the value of an option decreases as it approaches its expiration date.#

+1 more

Wright brothers

Government-funded, credentialed men attempting powered flight failed loudly and expensively while the Wright brothers, working independently, achieved flight.#

+2 more

The Wright brothers ran a bicycle shop before their aviation work.#

The Wright brothers were not licensed or credentialed by any official body before achieving powered flight.#

+2 more

Johannes Gutenberg

Johannes Gutenberg was a goldsmith who was in debt before developing the printing press.#

Sources

  1. 1Matthew, CHAPTER 25 | USCCB - Daily Readingsbible.usccb.org · primary source
  2. 2Strong's Hebrew: 384. Ithielbiblehub.com · primary source
  3. 3Psalm 118:22 - The stone the builders rejected has become the cor... | Bible Study Toolsbiblestudytools.com · primary source
  4. 4Psalm 118:22 - Compare Translations - Blue Letter Bibleblueletterbible.org · primary source
  5. 5The Encheiridion (Epictetus), Wikisource translationen.wikisource.org · primary source
  6. 6Sample Chapter: Self-Determination Theory (Guilford Press, Ryan)guilford.com · primary source
  7. 7The Encheiridion or Manual (George Long translation), Wikisource/Hermitaryhermitary.com · primary source
  8. 8HORACE, Epistles | Loeb Classical Libraryloebclassics.com · primary source
  9. 9Q. Horatius Flaccus (Horace), Epistles, book 1, poem 2 (Perseus Digital Library)perseus.tufts.edu · primary source
  10. 10Luke 20:17 passage discussionscottlapierre.org · primary source
  11. 11Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being (Ryan & Deci, 2000)selfdeterminationtheory.org · primary source
  12. 12Ithiel | The amazing name Ithiel: meaning and etymologyabarim-publications.com · reference work
  13. 13Self-determination theory: A quarter century of human motivation research (APA)apa.org · reference work
  14. 14Deep learning: a statistical viewpoint (arXiv)arxiv.org · reference work
  15. 15Machine Learning Students Overfit to Overfitting (arXiv)arxiv.org · reference work
  16. 16What is Overfitting? - AWSaws.amazon.com · reference work
  17. 17Loss aversion - BehavioralEconomics.com Mini-Encyclopediabehavioraleconomics.com · reference work
  18. 18Psalm 118:22 - Bible Study Tools (multi-version)biblestudytools.com · reference work
  19. 19Marcus Aurelius | Biography, Meditations, & Facts | Britannicabritannica.com · reference work
  20. 20Meditations | Definition, Contents, Stoicism, Marcus Aurelius, & Facts | Britannicabritannica.com · reference work
  21. 21Psalm 118:22 - NIV - Christianity.comchristianity.com · reference work
  22. 22Options Theta - The Greeks | CME Groupcmegroup.com · reference work
  23. 23Overfitting | Machine Learning | Google for Developersdevelopers.google.com · reference work
  24. 24Ithiel - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org · reference work
  25. 25Langley Aerodrome - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org · reference work
  26. 26Marcus Aurelius - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org · reference work
  27. 27Meditations - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org · reference work
  28. 28Psalm 118 - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org · reference work
  29. 29Reign of Marcus Aurelius - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org · reference work
  30. 30Sapere aude - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org · reference work
  31. 31Wright Cycle Company (Wikipedia, citing National Historic Landmark documentation)en.wikipedia.org · reference work
  32. 32sapere aude - Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org · reference work
  33. 33Epictetus | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophyiep.utm.edu · reference work
  34. 34King James Bible Dictionary - Strongs Number - H384kingjamesbibledictionary.com · reference work
  35. 35Johann Gutenberg (Lemelson-MIT)lemelson.mit.edu · reference work
  36. 36Epictetus: His Continuing Influence and Contemporary Relevance (RIT Press)muse.jhu.edu · reference work
  37. 37Overfitting, Model Tuning, and Evaluation of Prediction Performance - NCBI Bookshelfncbi.nlm.nih.gov · reference work
  38. 38Missed losses loom larger than missed gains (PMC)ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · reference work
  39. 39CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Johann Gutenbergnewadvent.org · reference work
  40. 40The Langley Aerodrome, Wright Brothers National Memorial - NPSnpgallery.nps.gov · reference work
  41. 41Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park - Teaching with Historic Places (NPS)nps.gov · reference work
  42. 42Wright Brothers National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)nps.gov · reference work
  43. 43When Gains Loom Larger Than Losses: Reversed Loss Aversion for Small Amounts of Moneyresearchgate.net · reference work
  44. 44Freedom, Slavery, and Self in Epictetus (academic journal)scup.com · reference work
  45. 45The Loss of Loss Aversion: Will It Loom Larger Than Its Gain?statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu · reference work
  46. 46The Wright Brothers and the Bicycle Business (The Henry Ford)thehenryford.org · reference work
  47. 47The Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30) | Theology of Worktheologyofwork.org · reference work
  48. 48The Stone the Builders Rejected | Things Paul & Lukethingspaulandluke.wordpress.com · reference work
  49. 49Self-Determination Theory of Motivation (URMC Rochester)urmc.rochester.edu · reference work
  50. 50Commentary on Matthew 25:14-30 - Working Preacher from Luther Seminaryworkingpreacher.org · reference work
  51. 51The Printing Press & the Protestant Reformation - World History Encyclopediaworldhistory.org · reference work
  52. 52The Aerodrome Fraud - Air & Space Forces Magazineairandspaceforces.com · reporting
  53. 53Horace, Epistles 1.2.40-43 - aleator classicusaleatorclassicus.wordpress.com · reporting
  54. 54Behind the Name: Ithielbehindthename.com · reporting
  55. 55The Langley Aerodrome and the Race to Fly - Boundary Stonesboundarystones.weta.org · reporting
  56. 56Matthew 25:14-30 Meaning: The Parable of the Talents | Fellowship Developmentfellowshipdevelopment.com · reporting
  57. 57What Epictetus Really Thinks Is In Our 'Power' Or 'Control' (Gregory B. Sadler)gregorybsadler.substack.com · reporting
  58. 58Understanding Theta and Time Decay in Options | IBKR Quantinteractivebrokers.com · reporting
  59. 59Lessons from the First Airplane - Mackinac Centermackinac.org · reporting
  60. 60What did Marcus Aurelius believe? 'Meditations' has the answers. | National Geographicnationalgeographic.com · reporting
  61. 61Theta Decay in Options Trading: 3 Strategies | Charles Schwabschwab.com · reporting
  62. 62What is Theta in Options Trading & How Does it Work? | tastytradetastytrade.com · reporting
  63. 63Orville & Wilbur Wright: Inventors of the Airplane — American Inventorsamerican-inventor.com · other
  64. 64Epictetus, The Slave Who Mastered Freedom | Ancient Originsancient-origins.net · other
  65. 65How the Wright Brothers were able to achieve the first powered flying aircraft - History Skillshistoryskills.com · other

Sources are graded by what they are, not by how good they are: a primary source is the record itself, a reference work describes it, reporting covers it. A claim shows its strongest few; every source that carries anything keeps its number here.